With the Renaissance, tyrannicide-or assassination for personal or political reasons-became more common again in Western Europe. Strangling in the bathtub was the most commonly used method. In the Middle Ages, regicide was rare in Western Europe, but it was a recurring theme in the Eastern Roman Empire. The earliest were the sicarii in 6 AD, who predated the Middle Eastern assassins and Japanese shinobis by centuries. Whilst many assassinations were performed by individuals or small groups, there were also specialized units who used a collective group of people to perform more than one assassination. The practice was also well known in ancient China, as in Jing Ke's failed assassination of Qin king Ying Zheng in 227Р’В BC. Three successive Rashidun caliphs ( Umar, Uthman Ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib) were assassinated in early civil conflicts between Muslims. Emperors of Rome often met their end in this way, as did many of the Muslim Shia Imams hundreds of years later. Other famous victims are Philip II of Macedon (336Р’В BC), the father of Alexander the Great, and Roman dictator Julius Caesar (44Р’В BC). His student Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Empire, later made use of assassinations against some of his enemies, including two of Alexander the Great's generals, Nicanor and Philip.

350РІР‚вЂњ283 BC) wrote about assassinations in detail in his political treatise Arthashastra. In the Old Testament, King Joash of Judah was assassinated by his own servants Joab assassinated Absalom, King David's son and King Sennacherib of Assyria was assassinated by his own sons. It dates back at least as far as recorded history. Jael and Sisera, by Artemisia Gentileschi.Р”Р„ssassination is one of the oldest tools of power politics. The earliest known use of the verb 'to assassinate' in printed English was by Matthew Sutcliffe in A Briefe Replie to a Certaine Odious and Slanderous Libel, Lately Published by a Seditious Jesuite, a pamphlet printed in 1600, five years before it was used in Macbeth by William Shakespeare (1605). Р”Р„lthough it is commonly believed that Assassins were under the influence of hashish during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many Eastern writers and an increasing number of Western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name.

The group killed members of the Abbasid, Seljuk, Fatimid, and Christian Crusader elite for political and religious reasons. It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Assassins who worked against various political targets.Р”Р‡ounded by Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the fortress of Alamut in Persia from the 8th to the 14th centuries, and later expanded into a de facto state by acquiring or building many scattered strongholds. The word assassin is often believed to derive from the word hashshashin (Arabic: РЁВРЁТ‘Р©вЂРЁВ§РЁТ‘Р©Р‰Р©вЂ , Р”В§ashshР”РѓshР”В«yР”В«n), and shares its etymological roots with hashish ( / h Р“В¦ Р›в‚¬ РљС“ iР›С’ РљС“/ or / Р›в‚¬ h Р“В¦ РљС“ iР›С’ РљС“/ from Arabic: РЁВРЁТ‘Р©Р‰РЁТ‘ Р±С‘ТђashР”В«sh). Oswald himself was murdered two days later by Jack Ruby, the first such event to receive wide television coverage. Mugshot of Lee Harvey Oswald, the individual responsible for the assassination of United States President John F. For other uses, see Assassin (disambiguation) and Assassination (disambiguation).

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